gitea-ubuntu-multi/giteainstall

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Author        : Allan Christensen
# First Created : 25082022 (DD-MM-YYYY)
# Description   : Installs multiple isolated Gitea instances on Ubuntu 24.04
# License       : MIT License (see LICENSE file for details)

#
# Are we root
#
if [[ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]]; then printf "\nMust be root or use sudo.\n\n" ; exit 1 ; fi

#
# Port 3000 must be temporarily free for the Gitea web installer
#
giteaport=3000
if ss -tuln | grep -q ":${giteaport}\b"; then
    printf "\nPort %s appears to be in use.\n" "$giteaport"
    listener=$(ss -tulpn 2>/dev/null | awk -v port=":${giteaport}\\b" '$0 ~ port && /LISTEN/ {print $7}' | sed 's/users:(("//; s/",.*//')
    if [[ "$listener" == gitea* ]]; then
        printf "Detected a running Gitea-related process: %s\n" "$listener"
        printf "It looks like another Gitea multi-instance installation has not yet completed.\n"
        printf "Please finish its web installer and run its postinstall script before continuing.\n\n"
    elif [[ -n "$listener" ]]; then
        printf "Process using port %s : %s\n" "$giteaport" "$listener"
        printf "This port is required temporarily by the Gitea web installer.\n"
        printf "Please stop or reconfigure that application before running this installer.\n\n"
    else
        printf "Port %s is in use by an unknown process.\n" "$giteaport"
        printf "Please ensure it is free before running this installer.\n\n"
    fi
    exit 1
fi

#
# Check if required services are running or not
#
for svc in nginx mariadb; do systemctl is-active --quiet "$svc" || { printf "\n%s is not running, cannot continue...\n\n" "${svc^}" ; exit 1 ; }; done

#
# Check MariaDB authentication method (socket or not)
#
if mysql -u root -e ";" 2>/dev/null; then
    socket="SOCKET DETECTED — no need for -a or -m"
    socketusage="SOCKET DETECTED — this flag is not needed"
    socketauth="yes"
else
    socket="NO SOCKET DETECTED — you must use -a and -m"
    socketusage="NO SOCKET DETECTED — these flags are required"
    socketauth="no"
fi

#
# Define variables and functions
#
fallbackversion=$(<fallback)
giteadb="db"
gitealocation="/usr/local/bin/gitea"

#
# Function usage
#
usage() {
    printf -- "\ngiteainstall-multi\n\n"

    if [[ "$socketauth" == "yes" ]]; then
        printf -- "SOCKET DETECTED — no need for -a or -m\n\n"
        printf -- "Installs multiple Gitea instances using MariaDB socket authentication.\n\n"
        printf -- "Usage:\n"
        printf -- "  sudo ./giteainstall-multi -n <gitea domain> -p <gitea database password>\n\n"
        printf -- "Example:\n"
        printf -- "  sudo ./giteainstall-multi -n git1.example.com -p gitea1dbpwd\n\n"
    else
        printf -- "NO SOCKET DETECTED — you must use -a and -m\n\n"
        printf -- "Installs multiple Gitea instances using MariaDB admin credentials.\n\n"
        printf -- "Usage:\n"
        printf -- "  sudo ./giteainstall-multi -n <gitea domain> -p <gitea database password> -m <adminpwd> [-a <adminuser>]\n\n"
        printf -- "Examples:\n"
        printf -- "  sudo ./giteainstall-multi -n git2.example.com -p gitea2dbpwd -m rootpwd\n"
        printf -- "  sudo ./giteainstall-multi -n git3.example.com -p gitea3dbpwd -a admin -m adminpwd\n\n"
    fi

    printf -- "Options:\n"
    printf -- "  -h | -help | --help   Show this help screen\n\n"
}

#
# Let's go
#
clear

#
# Configure command line options (safe for set -u)
#
firstarg="${1:-}"
if [[ "$firstarg" == "-help" || "$firstarg" == "--help" ]]; then usage ; exit 0 ; fi
if [[ $# -eq 0 || ! "$firstarg" =~ ^- ]]; then usage ; exit 1 ; fi

while getopts "n:p:m:a:h" option; do
    case "$option" in
        n) hostname=$(echo "$OPTARG" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]');;
        p) dbpass="$OPTARG";;
        m) mariadbpwd="$OPTARG";;
        a) mariadbadmin="$OPTARG";;
        h) usage ; exit 0 ;;
        \?) printf "Type sudo %s -h for help\n" "$0" ; exit 1 ;;
    esac
done

#
# Parse and validate input
#
if [[ -z "$hostname" || -z "$dbpass" ]]; then
    usage
    printf "\nERROR: Both -n (domain) and -p (database password) are required.\n\n"
    exit 1
fi

# Convert to lowercase (domains are case-insensitive)
hostname=$(echo "$hostname" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')

# Disallow leading hyphen (breaks getopts and invalid by RFC)
if [[ "$hostname" =~ ^- ]]; then
    printf "\nERROR: Domain cannot start with a hyphen.\n"
    printf "Example of valid input: git1.example.com\n\n"
    exit 1
fi

# Disallow spaces, slashes, underscores
if [[ "$hostname" =~ [[:space:]/_] ]]; then
    printf "\nERROR: Domain cannot contain spaces, slashes, or underscores.\n\n"
    exit 1
fi

# Validate domain format (RFC 1123)
if [[ ! "$hostname" =~ ^([a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*\.)+[a-z]{2,}$ ]]; then
    printf "\nERROR: Invalid domain format.\n"
    printf "Example of valid input: git1.example.com\n\n"
    exit 1
fi

# Prevent accidental overwrite of existing Nginx config
if [[ -f "/etc/nginx/conf.d/${hostname}.conf" ]]; then
    printf "\nERROR: A configuration file already exists for %s.\n" "$hostname"
    printf "Refusing to overwrite existing site.\n\n"
    exit 1
fi

# Check for existing references in other Nginx configs
hostcheck=$(grep -r --exclude="README.md" "$hostname" /etc/nginx/ 2>/dev/null || true)
if [[ -n "$hostcheck" ]]; then
    printf "\nFound existing configuration mentioning %s — aborting to avoid collision.\n\n" "$hostname"
    exit 1
fi

# Check for spaces in DB credentials
if [[ "$dbpass" =~ [[:space:]] ]]; then
    printf "\nERROR: Database password cannot contain spaces.\n\n"
    exit 1
fi

# Prevent accidental overwrite of existing Nginx config
if [[ -f "/etc/nginx/conf.d/${hostname}.conf" ]]; then
    printf "\nERROR: A configuration file already exists for %s.\n" "$hostname"
    printf "Refusing to overwrite existing site.\n\n"
    exit 1
fi

# Check for existing references in other Nginx configs
hostcheck=$(grep -r --exclude="README.md" "$hostname" /etc/nginx/ 2>/dev/null || true)
if [[ -n "$hostcheck" ]]; then
    printf "\nFound existing configuration mentioning %s — aborting to avoid collision.\n\n" "$hostname"
    exit 1
fi

#
# Ensure curl and wget are installed
#
for tool in curl wget; do dpkg -s "$tool" &>/dev/null || apt install -y -qq "$tool" ; done

#
# Check for the latest Gitea version
#
version=$(curl -s "https://dl.gitea.com/gitea/version.json" | grep -oP '"version"\s*:\s*"\K[^"]+')
if [[ -z "$version" ]]; then printf "Could not determine latest version. Falling back to version %s\n\n" "$fallbackversion" ; version="$fallbackversion" ; fi
printf "\nUsing Gitea version: %s\n" "$version"

#
# Create Gitea counter logic
#
mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea
user_counter_file="/var/lib/gitea/giteausercount"
[ ! -f "$user_counter_file" ] && printf "0\n" > "$user_counter_file"
current_user=$(cat "$user_counter_file") ; next_user=$((current_user + 1))
giteauser="gitea$next_user" ; gitea_db="${giteauser}${giteadb}" ; giteaport=$((3000 + next_user))
printf "%s\n" "$next_user" > "$user_counter_file"

#
# Download gitea if not already present
#
if [[ ! -f $gitealocation ]]; then
    wget --no-verbose "https://dl.gitea.com/gitea/${version}/gitea-${version}-linux-amd64" -O "$gitealocation" || { printf "\nDownload failed. Check your network connection or version string.\n\n" ; exit 1 ; }
    chmod 755 "$gitealocation"
fi

#
# Clone nginx-snippets; if nginx-snippets exists then just pull latest changes
#
nginxsnippets="/etc/nginx/nginx-snippets" ; repo="https://git.x-files.dk/webserver/nginx-snippets.git"
if [[ -d "$nginxsnippets/.git" ]]; then git -C "$nginxsnippets" pull --quiet ; else git clone --quiet "$repo" "$nginxsnippets" ; fi

#
# Escape special characters in the password for MySQL
#
safe_dbpass=$(printf "%s" "$dbpass" | sed "s/'/''/g") ; mariadbadmin="${mariadbadmin:-root}"

printf "\nChecking MariaDB access method...\n"
if [[ "$socketauth" == "yes" ]]; then dbmethod="socket" ; printf "Socket authentication detected (root)\n"
elif [[ -n "${mariadbpwd:-}" && -n "${mariadbadmin:-}" ]]; then dbmethod="admin" ; printf "Using admin user authentication (%s)\n" "$mariadbadmin"
else printf "\nERROR: No valid MariaDB authentication method found.\n" ; exit 1 ; fi

#
# Create Gitea database
#
case "$dbmethod" in
    socket)
        mysql -u root <<EOF
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS $gitea_db;
CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS '$giteauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '${safe_dbpass//\'/\'\\\'\'}';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON $gitea_db.* TO '$giteauser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EOF
        ;;
    admin)
        mysql -u "$mariadbadmin" -p"$mariadbpwd" <<EOF
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS $gitea_db;
CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS '$giteauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '${safe_dbpass//\'/\'\\\'\'}';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON $gitea_db.* TO '$giteauser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EOF
        ;;
esac

#
# Create Gitea temporary Nginx configuration file using port 3000 for web installer
#
cp "$nginxsnippets/hostfiles/gitea-multi.80.conf" /etc/nginx/conf.d/"$hostname".conf
sed -i -- "s/DOMAIN/$hostname/g" /etc/nginx/conf.d/"$hostname".conf
sed -i "s/GITEAPORT/$giteaport/g" /etc/nginx/conf.d/"$hostname".conf
systemctl restart nginx

#
# Create dedicated Gitea system user and home directory
#
adduser --system --group --disabled-password --shell /bin/bash --home /home/$giteauser --gecos 'Git Version Control' $giteauser
mkdir -p /home/$giteauser/.ssh ; chown -R $giteauser:$giteauser /home/$giteauser ; chmod 700 /home/$giteauser/.ssh

#
# Create Gitea data structure
#
mkdir -p /var/lib/$giteauser/{data,indexers,public,log}
chown "$giteauser":"$giteauser" /var/lib/$giteauser/{data,indexers,log}
chmod 750 /var/lib/$giteauser/{data,indexers,log}
mkdir -p /etc/$giteauser/custom/{templates,public/assets/img}
chown -R $giteauser:$giteauser /etc/$giteauser/custom
chmod -R 750 /etc/$giteauser/custom
mkdir -p /etc/$giteauser ; chown root:"$giteauser" /etc/$giteauser ; chmod 770 /etc/$giteauser

#
# Create systemd service
#
cat > /etc/systemd/system/$giteauser.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Gitea Multi-Instance: $giteauser
After=syslog.target network.target
Requires=mariadb.service

[Service]
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
LimitNOFILE=65535
RestartSec=2s
Type=simple
User=$giteauser
Group=$giteauser
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/$giteauser/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/gitea web -c /etc/$giteauser/app.ini
Restart=always
Environment=USER=$giteauser HOME=/home/$giteauser GITEA_WORK_DIR=/var/lib/$giteauser GITEA_CUSTOM=/etc/$giteauser/custom

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload ; systemctl enable "$giteauser" ; systemctl start "$giteauser"

#
# Create postinstall script
#
postscript="/etc/$giteauser/gitea-postinstall"
cat > "$postscript" <<EOF
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if [[ \$(id -u) -ne 0 ]]; then printf "\\nMust be root or use sudo.\\n\\n" ; exit 1 ; fi

hostname="$hostname"
giteauser="$giteauser"
giteaport="$giteaport"

cp -Rp /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini.orig
sed -i -E "s/^HTTP_PORT *= *3000/HTTP_PORT = \$giteaport/" /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini
sed -i '/gitea-repositories/a MAX_FILES = 500' /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini
sed -i '/gitea-repositories/a FILE_MAX_SIZE = 200' /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini
sed -i 's/LEVEL     = info/LEVEL     = warn/' /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini
sed -i 's/MODE      = console/MODE      = file/' /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini
sed -i 's/DISABLE_SSH = false/DISABLE_SSH = true/' /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini

cat >> /etc/\$giteauser/app.ini <<'INNER_EOF'
[ui.admin]
USER_PAGING_NUM = 50
REPO_PAGING_NUM = 50
NOTICE_PAGING_NUM = 25
ORG_PAGING_NUM = 25

[ui.user]
USER_PAGING_NUM = 50
REPO_PAGING_NUM = 50
NOTICE_PAGING_NUM = 25
ORG_PAGING_NUM = 25

[ui]
THEMES = gitea,arc-green
EXPLORE_PAGING_DEFAULT_SORT = alphabetically

[other]
SHOW_FOOTER_POWERED_BY = false
SHOW_FOOTER_VERSION = false
SHOW_FOOTER_TEMPLATE_LOAD_TIME = false
ENABLE_FEED = false
INNER_EOF

# Update Nginx proxy to final assigned port
sed -i "s/127\\.0\\.0\\.1:3000/127.0.0.1:\$giteaport/" /etc/nginx/conf.d/\$hostname.conf
printf "\\nUpdated Nginx proxy for %s to port %s\\n" "\$hostname" "\$giteaport"
systemctl reload nginx ; systemctl restart \$giteauser
EOF

chmod 755 "$postscript"

#
# Gitea postinstall notice
#
postnotice=$(cat <<EOF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEXT STEP: Go to http://$hostname and complete the initial configuration.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Database Name    : $gitea_db
Database User    : $giteauser
Database Password: $dbpass

IMPORTANT: Leave the Gitea port unchanged. The postinstall script will take care this.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPORTANT: Once done from a terminal run the following command to finish up

sudo /etc/$giteauser/gitea-postinstall

The HTTP port and more will be automatically adjusted during the postinstall step.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EOF
)

#
# Print notice
#
printf '%s\n' "$postnotice"
printf "Postinstall script saved at: /etc/%s/gitea-postinstall\n" "$giteauser"

#
# All done
#
printf "\nAll Done...\n"

#
# End of script
#